GaN based semiconductors are in a class of materials called “Wide Bandgap Semiconductors” These materials can handle much higher voltage differences across them. This property makes them ideal for power conversion and motor controller applications. The first consumer product use of GaN devices is in the much smaller, but much faster wall chargers that mobile phone makers introduced about three years ago. Power devices made on GaN are smaller, more efficient, more powerful, and less expensive than equivalent devices made on traditional silicon.
The second property that helps GaN devices excel is known as ‘High Electron Mobility.’ Simply put, this means that the electrons in the atoms making up the semiconductor are not as tightly bound to their atoms as they would be in a silicon device. This property provides two valuable advantages. First, it results in more efficient transmission, meaning less heat production and higher electrical efficiency. Second, it means that GaN devices are capable of higher switching speeds, meaning that they can be turned on and off much faster than a traditional semiconductor. This makes them valuable for radio frequency (RF) devices like amplifiers and switches.